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Compare San Marino (2001) - Spratly Islands (2002)

Compare San Marino (2001) z Spratly Islands (2002)

 San Marino (2001)Spratly Islands (2002)
 San MarinoSpratly Islands
Administrative divisions 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle -
Age structure 0-14 years:
15.88% (male 2,241; female 2,100)

15-64 years:
67.94% (male 9,048; female 9,525)

65 years and over:
16.18% (male 1,902; female 2,520) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides -
Airports none 4 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area total:
61.2 sq km

land:
61.2 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea
Area - comparative about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC NA
Background The third smallest state in Europe (after The Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor. This archipelago - surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits - is claimed in its entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. All five parties occupy certain islands or reefs.
Birth rate 10.76 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$400 million

expenditures:
$400 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)		 -
Capital San Marino -
Climate Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers tropical
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 926 km
Constitution 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution -
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of San Marino

conventional short form:
San Marino

local long form:
Repubblica di San Marino

local short form:
San Marino		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands
Currency Italian lira (ITL); euro (EUR) -
Death rate 7.68 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $NA -
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino -
Diplomatic representation in the US San Marino does not have an embassy in the US

honorary consulate(s) general:
Washington, DC, and New York

honorary consulate(s):
Detroit		 -
Disputes - international none all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island; in 2000, China joined ASEAN discussions towards creating a South China Sea "code of conduct" - a non-legally binding confidence building measure
Economic aid - recipient $NA -
Economy - overview The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1999 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food. Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored, and there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh

note:
electric power supplied by Italy (1999)		 -
Electricity - imports NA kWh

note:
electricity supplied by Italy		 -
Electricity - production NA kWh -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Torrente Ausa 55 m

highest point:
Monte Titano 755 m		 lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution		 -
Ethnic groups Sammarinese, Italian -
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); Italian lire per US dollar - 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997), 1,542.9 (1996) -
Executive branch chief of state:
cochiefs of state Captain Regent Luigi LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Fabio BERARDI (for the period 1 April 2001-30 September 2001)

head of government:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986)

cabinet:
Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term

elections:
cochiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA March 2001 (next to be held NA September 2001); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held NA June 1998 (next to be held NA June 2003)

election results:
Luigi LONFERNINI and Fabio BERARDI elected captain regents; percent of legislative vote - NA; Gabriele GATTI reelected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA

note:
the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are three secretaries of state - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister		 -
Exports trade data are included with the statistics for Italy -
Exports - commodities building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty) -
GDP purchasing power parity - $860 million (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $32,000 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 8% (2000 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 43 46 N, 12 25 E 8 38 N, 111 55 E
Geography - note landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs
Highways total:
220 km

paved:
220 km

unpaved:
0 km (2001)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports trade data are included with the statistics for Italy -
Imports - commodities wide variety of consumer manufactures, food -
Independence 3 September 301 -
Industrial production growth rate 6% (1997 est.) -
Industries tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine -
Infant mortality rate 6.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.2% (2000) -
International organization participation CE, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII -
Labor force 18,500 (1999) -
Labor force - by occupation services 60%, industry 38%, agriculture 2% (1998 est.) -
Land boundaries total:
39 km

border countries:
Italy 39 km		 0 km
Land use arable land:
17%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
83% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages Italian -
Legal system based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction -
Legislative branch unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 31 May 1998 (next likely to be held by NA June 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PDCS 40.8%, PSS 23.3%, PPDS 18.6%, APDS 9.8%, RC 3.3%, SR 4.2%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 14, PPDS 11, APDS 6, RC 2, SR 2		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
81.23 years

male:
77.68 years

female:
85.1 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 10 and over can read and write

total population:
96%

male:
97%

female:
95% (1976 est.)		 -
Location Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines
Map references Europe Southeast Asia
Maritime claims none (landlocked) NA
Military - note - Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
Military branches Voluntary Military Force, Police Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $700,000 (FY00) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% -
National holiday Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301) -
Nationality noun:
Sammarinese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Sammarinese		 -
Natural hazards NA typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals
Natural resources building stone fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
Net migration rate 11.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Mario VENTURINI]; San Marino Progressive Democratic Party or PPDS [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Augusto CASALI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 27,336 (July 2001 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 1.45% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors none none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Radios 16,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km; note - there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore -
Religions Roman Catholic -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.09 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.75 male(s)/female

total population:
0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
adequate connections

domestic:
automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system

international:
connected to Italian international network		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 18,000 (1998) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 3,010 (1998) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997) -
Terrain rugged mountains flat
Total fertility rate 1.3 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Unemployment rate 3% (1999) -
Waterways none none
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